How to Grow Nasturtium
Tropaeolum majus
Nasturtiums are easy annuals for full sun and free-draining, poorer soils—rich feeding gives more leaves than flowers. Sow where they are to grow after frost or start in modules for earlier colour. Trailing and climbing types quickly cover edges and supports. Edible leaves, flowers, and seedpods add peppery bite. Water in dry spells, and expect aphids—plants often act as a sacrificial decoy. Self-seeds readily for future displays.
When to Start
Sow indoors 3 weeks before last frost, or direct sow outdoors after frost risk has passed and soil reaches 10°C.
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Growth Stages
Approximate days from start
Care Essentials
- Don't feed — poor soil produces more flowers. Rich soil produces all leaves.
- Excellent trap crop — attracts blackfly away from beans. Edible and ornamental. Thrives on neglect.
Companion Planting
Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower
Growing Conditions
- Min. soil temperature
- 10°C+
- Germination temperature
- 12–18°C
Pet Safety
- Sow indoors
- —
- Transplant out
- —
- First harvest
- —
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Spacing & Planting
| Plant spacing | 30 cm |
| Row spacing | 45 cm |
| Sow depth | 2 cm |
| Mature height | 30 cm |
| Mature spread | 45 cm |
For mounding varieties. Vining/climbing types can be spaced similarly at the base of a support or allowed to trail as ground cover.
Companion Planting
Grows well with
Nasturtiums preferentially attract cabbage aphids with their glucosinolate-rich foliage, drawing colonies away from cabbage heads before they establish. Plant a ring outside the cabbage row and remove infested stems weekly.
▼Nasturtiums lure cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) onto their own stems, keeping broccoli heads clean during the critical pre-harvest window. Position them upwind so winged aphids land on nasturtiums first.
▼Nasturtiums serve as a decoy for aphids and whitefly that would target cauliflower curds, while their bright flowers simultaneously attract hoverflies — natural aphid predators.
▼Nasturtiums concentrate aphid colonies on their soft stems through trap cropping, sparing kale leaves. Their volatile mustard oils also attract parasitic wasps that lay eggs inside aphids.
▼Nasturtiums draw aphids and cucumber beetles away from cucurbit vines through trap cropping, while their sprawling habit provides ground-level humidity retention that cucumbers prefer.
▼Nasturtiums attract flea beetles — a primary radish pest — to their larger, softer leaves, significantly reducing shot-hole damage on radish foliage. Interplant at bed edges.
▼Nasturtiums repel whitefly from tomatoes through chemical masking of host-plant volatiles, and attract aphids away as a trap crop. Their trailing growth also provides ground cover that reduces soil splash onto lower tomato leaves.
▼Nasturtiums lure squash bugs and cucumber beetles away from pumpkin vines via trap cropping, while their flowers attract native bees that improve pumpkin pollination rates.
▼Nasturtiums act as a trap crop for aphids and whitefly targeting courgette plants, concentrating pest pressure away from developing fruits. Their ground-hugging growth also reduces moisture loss around the courgette root zone.
▼Pests & Diseases
Pest Black Bean Aphid (Blackfly)
Identification: Dense colonies of black aphids on stems, leaves, and flower buds, sticky honeydew, sooty mould
- Squash colonies by hand or blast off with water
- Encourage ladybirds, lacewings, and hoverflies
- Remove heavily infested shoots and dispose of them
- Soft soap spray
- Pyrethrum-based contact spray (rarely needed on a trap crop)
Pest Cabbage White Caterpillars
Identification: Large ragged holes in leaves, green-yellow caterpillars with black markings, clusters of yellow eggs on leaf undersides
- Hand-pick caterpillars and eggs
- Allow natural predators (birds, parasitic wasps)
- Accept some damage — nasturtiums recover quickly
- Rarely warranted on ornamental plants
Pest Slugs and Snails
Identification: Seedlings eaten overnight, irregular holes in young leaves, slime trails
- Beer traps near sowing areas
- Start in modules and plant out as sturdy transplants
- Nematode biological control (Nemaslug)
- Ferric phosphate pellets (wildlife-safe)
Disease Bacterial Leaf Spot Pseudomonas syringae
Symptoms: Dark, water-soaked spots on leaves that enlarge and dry out, leaves may yellow and drop
Treatment: Remove affected leaves promptly. Avoid overhead watering.
Prevention: Space plants for airflow. Water at the base. Remove plant debris at end of season.
Disease Powdery Mildew Erysiphe cruciferarum
Symptoms: White powdery coating on leaves, leaves yellow and become distorted, reduced vigour
Treatment: Remove badly affected leaves. Improve air circulation.
Prevention: Space plants well. Avoid drought stress. Grow in full sun with good airflow.
Growing Conditions
| Min. soil temperature | 10°C |
| Germination temperature | 12–18°C |
| Base growth temperature | 8°C |
| Min. daylength to start | 10.5h |
| Photoperiod sensitivity | day neutral |
Frequently Asked Questions
- How far apart should I plant Nasturtium?
- Plant Nasturtium 30cm apart with 45cm between rows.
- When does Nasturtium flower?
- Nasturtium typically flowers approximately 45 days after transplanting.
- What grows well with Nasturtium?
- Nasturtium grows well with cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower.
- Is Nasturtium frost hardy?
- Nasturtium is classified as Half Hardy.