Cómo cultivar Alcachofas
Cynara scolymus
Las alcachofas son plantas perennes esculturales para pleno sol y suelo profundo, fértil y con libre drenaje. Partir de divisiones o semillas; plant out after frost. Manténgala uniformemente húmeda, especialmente durante la formación de los cogollos; cubra con mantillo anualmente y divida cada ~ 5 años para mantener el vigor. Coseche cogollos firmes y apretados antes de que se abran las escamas; deje algunos para alimentar a los polinizadores si lo desea. Proporcione espacio (las plantas son grandes) y considere replantear en sitios ventosos.
Ciclo anual
Cuidados esenciales
Primavera con un abono equilibrado. Cubra generosamente con abono o estiércol bien descompuesto.
Vigilar
- Blackfly
- Slugs
- Petal blight
Plantas compañeras
Girasoles, Estragón, Guisantes
Sigue su calendario de cuidados para Alcachofas — poda, abonado y tareas estacionales
Empieza a planificar gratisRequisitos de cuidado
☀️ Light
Full sun in a warm, sheltered spot
Full sun is essential for strong growth and good bud production. Choose a warm, sheltered position away from strong winds which can damage the large leaves.
🌿 Spacing
90-100cm apart; large plants need room
Allow 90-100cm between plants and 120cm between rows. Globe artichokes are large, architectural perennials that need significant space.
💧 Watering
Regular watering during bud formation
Water regularly during hot, dry spells, especially during bud formation when consistent moisture improves bud size and number. Avoid waterlogging in winter.
🌱 Fertilizing
Spring feed; generous compost mulch annually
Feed in spring with a balanced fertiliser. Mulch generously with compost or well-rotted manure. Top-dress with compost annually to maintain fertility.
✂️ Pruning
Cut back in autumn; keep 3-4 strong shoots
Cut back dead stems to ground level in late autumn. In spring, remove small, weak side shoots, keeping the three to four strongest per plant for the best heads.
🍎 Harvesting
Cut tight buds before scales open
Cut heads while still tight, before the scales begin to open. Take the main central head first, then side shoots will produce smaller secondary heads.
🍂 Mulching
Heavy autumn mulch for winter crown protection
Mulch crowns heavily in autumn with straw or dry leaves for winter protection. In cold areas, add a layer of fleece over the mulch.
❄️ Overwintering
Mulch and fleece crowns; replace every 4-5 years
Crowns are vulnerable to cold, wet winters. Mulch heavily with straw or dry leaves in autumn. In exposed or northern gardens, cover with fleece. Replace plants every four to five years with rooted offsets.
Consejos de cultivo
Give them room
Allow 75–90 cm between plants; these are big perennials with deep roots.
Moisture at bud time
Regular watering during hot, dry spells improves bud size and number.
Mulch and feed
Top-dress with compost in spring and renew mulch to suppress weeds and steady moisture.
Renew clumps
Lift and divide mature clumps every few years, keeping the strongest offsets.
Harvest at the sweet spot
Cut buds while tight and heavy; once scales loosen, they become fibrous.
Plagas y enfermedades
Plaga Mosca negra (pulgón del frijol negro)
Identificación: Grupos densos de pequeños pulgones negros en los tallos y alrededor de los botones florales en desarrollo; melaza pegajosa y fumagina
- Despega con un fuerte chorro de agua.
- Rocíe con jabón insecticida o aceite de neem.
- Fomente las mariquitas, las crisopas y los sírfidos.
- Rocíe con un insecticida de contacto que contenga piretrinas.
Plaga Slugs and Snails
Identificación: Irregular holes in young leaves and stems; slime trails visible on and around plants
- Utilice trampas de cerveza o barreras de cinta de cobre.
- Aplicar bolitas de babosas orgánicas (fosfato férrico)
- Fomente los erizos, las ranas y los escarabajos terrestres.
- Aplique gránulos contra babosas que contengan fosfato férrico alrededor de las plantas.
Plaga Artichoke Plume Moth
Identificación: Small caterpillars boring into the base of flower buds; frass visible at entry holes. Adult moths are distinctive with T-shaped wings
- Inspeccione los cogollos con regularidad y elimine las larvas que contengan.
- Corta y destruye los cogollos afectados lo antes posible.
- Rocíe con un insecticida de contacto que contenga piretrinas cuando se vean polillas adultas a fines de la primavera.
Enfermedad Petal Blight Itersonilia perplexans
Síntomas: Brown water-soaked spots on the outer scales of flower heads; spots enlarge and merge in wet weather, causing heads to rot
Tratamiento: Remove and destroy affected heads promptly. Avoid overhead watering
Prevención: Space plants well for good airflow. Water at the base rather than overhead. Remove affected heads immediately
Enfermedad Crown Rot
Síntomas: Centre of the plant collapses; leaves yellow and wilt from the base. The crown becomes soft and mushy
Tratamiento: Dig up and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage before replanting in a new position
Prevención: Ensure excellent drainage, especially on heavy clay. Mulch crowns in winter but keep mulch off the crown centre
Variedades populares
Green Globe, Imperial Star, Violetta di Chioggia, Purple of Romagna, Big Heart, Tavor
Espaciado y plantación
| Separación entre plantas | 100 cm |
| Separación entre filas | 120 cm |
| Altura en madurez | 150 cm |
| Envergadura en madurez | 100 cm |
These are large, architectural perennial plants that need significant space to develop.
Registra Alcachofas en su jardín — seguimiento de crecimiento, cuidados y cosechas año tras año
Empieza a planificar gratis